Ubuntu 24.04 Nftables サービスを有効化する方法
環境
Ubuntu 24.04
概要
nftables は、従来の iptables, ip6tables, arptables, ebtables の機能を統合したツールです。
1.nftables は UFW のデフォルトのバックエンドとして使用されています。
# update-alternatives --config iptables
There are 2 choices for the alternative iptables (providing /usr/sbin/iptables).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 auto mode
1 /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy 10 manual mode
2 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 manual mode
Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:
# update-alternatives --config iptables
There are 2 choices for the alternative iptables (providing /usr/sbin/iptables).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 auto mode
1 /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy 10 manual mode
2 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 manual mode
Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:
# update-alternatives --config iptables There are 2 choices for the alternative iptables (providing /usr/sbin/iptables). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ * 0 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 auto mode 1 /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy 10 manual mode 2 /usr/sbin/iptables-nft 20 manual mode Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:
2.nftables を直接使用する場合は、フロントエンドの UFW サービスは無効化します。
# systemctl disable --now ufw
Synchronizing state of ufw.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable ufw
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ufw.service".
# systemctl disable --now ufw
Synchronizing state of ufw.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable ufw
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ufw.service".
# systemctl disable --now ufw Synchronizing state of ufw.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable ufw Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ufw.service".
自動起動を設定します
# systemctl enable --now nftables
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/nftables.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service.
# systemctl enable --now nftables
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/nftables.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service.
# systemctl enable --now nftables Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/nftables.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service.
[nftables.service] は起動時に [/etc/nftables.conf] を読み込んでルールセットを復元するサービス
# systemctl cat nftables.service
内容確認
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service
[Unit]
Description=nftables
Documentation=man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org
Wants=network-pre.target
Before=network-pre.target shutdown.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
DefaultDependencies=no
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
StandardInput=null
ProtectSystem=full
ProtectHome=true
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nft flush ruleset
[Install]
WantedBy=sysinit.target
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service
[Unit]
Description=nftables
Documentation=man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org
Wants=network-pre.target
Before=network-pre.target shutdown.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
DefaultDependencies=no
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
StandardInput=null
ProtectSystem=full
ProtectHome=true
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nft flush ruleset
[Install]
WantedBy=sysinit.target
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service [Unit] Description=nftables Documentation=man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org Wants=network-pre.target Before=network-pre.target shutdown.target Conflicts=shutdown.target DefaultDependencies=no [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes StandardInput=null ProtectSystem=full ProtectHome=true ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nft flush ruleset [Install] WantedBy=sysinit.target
[/etc/nftables.conf] はデフォルトではフィルタリングの設定なし
# cat /etc/nftables.conf
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
flush ruleset
table inet filter {
chain input {
type filter hook input priority filter;
}
chain forward {
type filter hook forward priority filter;
}
chain output {
type filter hook output priority filter;
}
}
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
flush ruleset
table inet filter {
chain input {
type filter hook input priority filter;
}
chain forward {
type filter hook forward priority filter;
}
chain output {
type filter hook output priority filter;
}
}
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f flush ruleset table inet filter { chain input { type filter hook input priority filter; } chain forward { type filter hook forward priority filter; } chain output { type filter hook output priority filter; } }
3.UFW に設定したルールセットを引き継いで nftables サービスに切り替えたい合は、以下のように設定します。
UFW の現在の設定確認
# ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
22/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
2049/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
22/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
2049/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
# ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
22/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
2049/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
22/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
2049/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
# ufw status verbose Status: active Logging: on (low) Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed) New profiles: skip To Action From -- ------ ---- 22/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere 80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere 2049/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere 22/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) 80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) 2049/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
現在のルールセットを [/etc/nftables.conf] に書き出す
# iptables-save > ufw-rules.dump
# iptables-restore-translate -f ufw-rules.dump > ruleset.nft
# nft flush ruleset
# nft -f ruleset.nft
# nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.conf
# iptables-save > ufw-rules.dump
# iptables-restore-translate -f ufw-rules.dump > ruleset.nft
# nft flush ruleset
# nft -f ruleset.nft
# nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.conf
# iptables-save > ufw-rules.dump # iptables-restore-translate -f ufw-rules.dump > ruleset.nft # nft flush ruleset # nft -f ruleset.nft # nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.conf
ufw サービス停止 & nftables サービス起動
# systemctl disable --now ufw
# systemctl enable --now nftables
# systemctl disable --now ufw
# systemctl enable --now nftables
# systemctl disable --now ufw # systemctl enable --now nftables
ルールセット表示
# nft list ruleset
結果
table ip filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop;
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-logging-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-logging-input
table ip filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop;
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-logging-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-input
counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-logging-input
table ip filter { chain INPUT { type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop; counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-logging-input counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-before-input counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-input counter packets 0 bytes 0 jump ufw-after-logging-input